What is Attachment-Focused EMDR?
EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) is a gold standard therapeutic intervention for trauma-based disorders. Recognizing the need to integrate attachment theory into EMDR protocols to better address trauma stemming from attachment and relational disruptions in childhood, Dr. Laurel Parnell developed a specific protocol known as Attachment-Focused EMDR (AF-EMDR). In AF-EMDR, the emphasis is on understanding how early relationships and attachment patterns influence an individual’s emotional and psychological well-being, as well as the development of emotional resilience and psychological health.
EMDR itself is a well-established therapeutic approach for trauma, involving bilateral stimulation (e.g., tapping on both sides of the body, bilateral audio stimulation, or eye movements) to process distressing memories and reduce their emotional charge. Bilateral stimulation has been shown to accelerate the processing of trauma material. In an AF-EMDR session, bilateral stimulation is used while the client and therapist focus on healing attachment-related wounds, fostering healthy relationship dynamics, and processing trauma in a way that integrates both emotional and relational aspects of healing.
Efficacy of Attachment-Focused EMDR
EMDR has long been recognized as an effective treatment for trauma, with research demonstrating its ability to reduce symptoms of PTSD and other trauma-related disorders (Shapiro, 2014; Yunitri et al., 2023). The integration of attachment theory into trauma treatment can enhance outcomes for clients with attachment-related issues, such as those with complex trauma or relational difficulties (Wesselmann et al., 2012).
In clinical practice, many therapists have reported success in helping clients heal from attachment wounds, improve emotional regulation, and develop more secure relationships. Studies and anecdotal evidence suggest that this modality can provide significant therapeutic benefits, particularly for clients with deep-seated emotional issues related to early attachment trauma.
Who is the Treatment Suitable For?
Attachment-Focused EMDR is suitable for individuals who have experienced attachment disruptions, neglect, or abuse, particularly in childhood. It is beneficial for:
1. Adults who have experienced adverse childhood events (e.g., PTSD or Complex Trauma):
People who experienced emotional, physical, or sexual abuse, or neglect in childhood, which may have led to difficulties in forming secure, healthy relationships.
2. Individuals Struggling with Relationship Issues:
Those who face chronic relationship challenges, such as insecurity, fear of abandonment, or difficulty trusting others, which can often be traced to early attachment patterns.
3. Individuals Seeking Emotional Regulation:
Those who struggle with emotional dysregulation stemming from unresolved attachment issues may find this approach beneficial.
Individualized Approach
The number of sessions required in Attachment-Focused EMDR varies, depending on the individual’s needs, the severity of their attachment-related trauma, and their overall psychological health. Importantly, the pace of treatment is personalized. While many clients are eager to dive straight into the trauma material, it is important to first establish some resources and distress tolerance skills at the beginning of therapy to allow for effective processing. Attachment-Focused EMDR allows clients to move through the process at a comfortable rate, ensuring they are never overwhelmed while still making progress.
What Happens in an AF-EMDR Session?
Attachment-Focused EMDR follows a structured, phased approach similar to traditional EMDR but with a focus on relational dynamics and attachment repair. The process generally unfolds in the following stages:
1. History Taking and Preparation:
In this phase, the therapist works with the client to understand their history, identifying key attachment-related experiences and trauma. The therapist also helps the client build emotional resources, establishing a sense of safety and trust.
2. Assessment of Targets:
Specific memories related to attachment injuries or relational traumas are identified. The therapist helps the client connect these memories to their current emotional states and relationship patterns.
3. Desensitization and Processing:
Using bilateral stimulation, the therapist guides the client to process traumatic memories and reframe their beliefs about themselves and relationships. This phase may involve processing feelings of abandonment, betrayal, or unworthiness that stem from early attachment experiences.
4. Integration:
In the final phase, the client integrates the new insights and emotional shifts into their daily life, learning how to form healthier, more secure attachments and relationships moving forward.
Throughout this process, the therapist maintains a supportive and empathetic stance, helping the client navigate difficult emotions and memories while ensuring a sense of safety.
Conclusion
Attachment-Focused EMDR is an innovative and effective therapeutic approach for individuals struggling with the long-lasting effects of attachment disruptions and trauma. By combining the techniques of EMDR with a focus on attachment theory, this therapy modality offers a compassionate, targeted approach to healing relational wounds and fostering emotional resilience. With its strong theoretical foundation, Attachment-Focused EMDR represents a promising option for individuals seeking to heal from past trauma and build more secure, fulfilling relationships.
References
- Shapiro, F. (2014). The role of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) therapy in medicine: Addressing the psychological and physical symptoms stemming from adverse life experiences. The Permanente Journal, 18(1), 71–77. https://doi.org/10.7812/TPP/13-098
- Yunitri, N., Chu, H., Kang, X. L., Wiratama, B. S., Lee, T.-Y., Chang, L.-F., … Chou, K.-R. (2023). Comparative effectiveness of psychotherapies in adults with posttraumatic stress disorder: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychological Medicine, 53(13), 6376–6388. doi:10.1017/S0033291722003737
- Wesselmann, D., Davidson, M., Armstrong, S., Schweitzer, C., Bruckner, D., & Potter, A. E. (2012). EMDR as a treatment for improving attachment status in adults and children. European Review of Applied Psychology / Revue Européenne de Psychologie Appliquée, 62(4), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erap.2012.08.008
Seek Help Today
If you or someone you know is struggling with attachment-related trauma or emotional challenges, seeking professional support can be an important step toward healing. Our compassionate mental health team at Private Space Medical is here to guide you through the process and help you build healthier, more fulfilling relationships. Reach out to us today to learn more about how we can support your journey to emotional resilience.
